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Free Spanish Lessons: Understanding Spanish

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Yo = I Él = He Ellos = They (masc.) Usted = You (formal) Nosotros = we (masc.)
Tú = You Ella = She Ellas = They (fem.) Ustedes = You all Nosotras = we (fem.)

 
Present Verbs

AR, Ex. Hablar – to speak ER Ex. Comer – to eat IR Ex. Vivir – to live
Yo Hablo I speak Como I eat Vivo I live
Tú Hablas You speak Comes You eat Vives You live
Él, Ella, Ud. Habla He speaks Come He eats Vive He lives
Nosotros Hablamos We speak Comemos We eat Vivemos We live
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Hablan They speak Comen They eat Viven They live

 
Past (preterite) Verbs

AR, Ex. Hablar – to speak ER Ex. Comer – to eat IR Ex. Vivir – to live
Yo Hablé I spoke Comí I ate Viví I lived
Tú Hablaste You spoke Comiste You ate Viviste You lived
Él, Ella, Ud. Habló He spoke Comió He ate Vivió He lived
Nosotros Hablamos We spoke Comímos We ate Vivimos We lived
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Hablaron They spoke Comieron They ate Viviron They lived

 
Future

AR, Ex. Bailar – to dance ER Ex. Vender – to sell IR Ex. Pulir – to polish
Yo Bailaré I will dance Venderé I will sell Puliré I will polish
Tú Bailarás You will dance Venderás You will sell Pulirás You will polish
Él, Ella, Ud. Bailará She will dance Venderá She will sell Pulirá She will polish
Nosotros Bailaremos We will dance Venderemos We will sell Puliremos We will polish
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Bailarán They will dance Venderán They will sell Pulirán They will polish

 
Imperfect

AR, Ex. Bailar – to dance ER Ex. Vender – to sell IR Ex. Pulir – to polish
Yo Bailaba I used to dance Vendía I used to sell Pulía I used to polish
Tú Bailabas You used to dance Vendías You used to sell Pulías You used topolish
Él, Ella, Ud. Bailaba She used to dance Vendía She used to sell Pulía She used to polish
Nosotros Bailábamos We used to dance Vendíamos We used to sell Pulíamos We used to polish
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Bailaban They used to dance Vendían They used to sell Pulían They used to polish

 
Conditional

AR, Ex. Escuchar – to listen ER Ex. Comer – to eat IR Ex. Latir – to beat
Yo Escucharía I would listen Comería I would eat Latiría I would beat
Tú Escucharías You would listen Comerías You would eat Latirías You would beat
Él, Ella, Ud. Escucharía He would listen Comería He would eat Latiría It would beat
Nosotros Escucharíamos We would listen Comeríamos We would eat Latiríamos We would beat
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Escucharían They would listen Comerían They would eat Latirían They would beat

 
Irregular Verbs, 2 examples using the verb, to be

Ser – to be (all things permanent) Estar – to be (all things temporary)
Yo Soy rubio I am blonde Estoy emfermo I am sick
Tú Eres alto You are tall Estas dormida You are asleep
Él, Ella, Ud. Es ignorante He is ignorant Está nerviosa She is nervous
Nosotros Somos grandes We are big Estamos preparados We are prepared
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Son inteligentes They are intelligent Están mojados They are wet

 
Present Subjunctive

AR, Ex. Hablar – to speak ER Ex. Comer – to eat IR Ex. Vivir – to live
Yo Hable I speak Coma I eat Viva I live
Tú Hables You speak Comas You eat Vivas You live
Él, Ella, Ud. Hable He speak Coma He eat Viva He live
Nosotros Hablemos We speak Comamos We eat Vivamos We live
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Hablen They speak Coman They eat Vivan They live

 
Imperfect Subjunctive

AR, Ex. Hablar – to speak ER Ex. Comer – to eat IR Ex. Vivir – to live
Yo Hablara I speak Comiera I eat Viviera I live
Tú Hablaras You speak Comieras You eat Vivieras You live
Él, Ella, Ud. Hablara He speak Comiera He eat Viviera He live
Nosotros Habláramos We speak Comiéramos We eat Viviéramos We live
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Hablaran They speak Comieran They eat Vivan They live

 
Present Perfect Indicative, Haber + Past Participle

AR, Ex. Haber Hablado – to have spoken ER Ex. Haber Comido – to have eaten IR Ex. Haber Vivido
Yo He Hablado I have spoken He Comido I have eaten He Vivido I have lived
Tú Has Hablado You have spoken Has Comido You have eaten Has Vivido You have lived
Él, Ella, Ud. Ha Hablado She has spoken Ha Comido She has eaten Ha Vivido She has lived
Nosotros Hemos hablado We have spoken Hemos Comido We have eaten Hemos Vivido We have lived
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Han Hablado They have spoken Han Comido They have eaten Han Vivido They have lived

 
Past Perfect Indicative, Haber + Past Participle

AR, Ex. Haber Hablado – to have spoken ER Ex. Haber Comido – to have eaten IR Ex. Haber Vivido
Yo Había Hablado I had spoken Había Comido I had eaten Había Vivido I had lived
Tú Habías Hablado You had spoken Habías Comido You had eaten Habías Vivido You had lived
Él, Ella, Ud. Había Hablado She had spoken Había Comido She had eaten Había Vivido She had lived
Nosotros Habíamos hablado We had spoken Habíamos Comido We had eaten Habíamos<u> Vivido We had lived
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Habían Hablado They had spoken Habían Comido They had eaten Habían Vivido They had lived

 
Future Perfect Indicative, Future Form of Haber + Past Participle

AR, Ex. Haber Hablado –to have spoken ER Ex. Haber Comido –to have eaten IR Ex. Haber Vivido
Yo Habré Hablado I will have spoken Habré Comido I will have eaten Habré Vivido I will have lived
Tú Habrás Hablado You will have spoken Habrás Comido You will have eaten Habrás Vivido You will have lived
Él, Ella, Ud. Habrá Hablado She will have spoken Habrá Comido She will have eaten Habrá Vivido She will have lived
Nosotros Habrémos hablado We will have spoken Habrémos Comido We will have eaten Habrémos Vivido We will have lived
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Habrán Hablado They will have spoken Habrán Comido They will have eaten Habrán Vivido They will have lived

 
Conditional Perfect

AR, Ex. Haber Hablado –to have spoken ER Ex. Haber Comido –to have eaten IR Ex. Haber Vivido
Yo Habría Hablado I would have spoken Habría Comido I would have eaten Habría Vivido I would have lived
Tú Habrías Hablado You would have spoken Habrías Comido You would have eaten Habrías Vivido You would have lived
Él, Ella, Ud. Habría Hablado She would have spoken Habría Comido She would have eaten Habría Vivido She would have lived
Nosotros Habríamos hablado We would have spoken Habríamos Comido We would have eaten Habríamos Vivido We would have lived
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Habrían Hablado They would have spoken Habrían Comido They would have eaten Habrían Vivido They would have lived

 
Present Perfect of Subjunctive

AR, Ex. Haber Hablado –to have spoken ER Ex. Haber Comido –to have eaten IR Ex. Haber Vivido
Yo Haya Hablado I have spoken Haya Comido I have eaten Haya Vivido I have lived
Tú Hayas Hablado You have spoken Hayas Comido You have eaten Hayas Vivido You have lived
Él, Ella, Ud. Haya Hablado She have spoken Haya Comido She have eaten Haya Vivido She have lived
Nosotros Hayamos hablado We have spoken Hayamos Comido We have eaten Hayamos Vivido We have lived
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Hayan Hablado They have spoken Hayan Comido They have eaten Hayan Vivido They have lived

 
Past Perfect of Subjunctive

AR, Ex. Haber Hablado –to have spoken ER Ex. Haber Comido –to have eaten IR Ex. Haber Vivido
Yo Hubiera Hablado I had spoken Hubiera Comido I had eaten Hubiera Vivido I had lived
Tú Hubieras Hablado You had spoken Hubieras Comido You had eaten Hubieras Vivido You had lived
Él, Ella, Ud. Hubiera Hablado She had spoken Hubiera Comido She had eaten Hubiera Vivido She had lived
Nosotros Hubiéramos hablado We had spoken Hubiéramos Comido We had eaten Hubiéramos Vivido We had lived
Ellos, Ellas, Ud. Hubieran Hablado They had spoken Hubieran Comido They had eaten Hubieran Vivido They had lived

 
Imperative Commands

Tú (positive) Tú (negate) Usted Ustedes (you all)
AR, Bailar Baila (dance) No Bailes (don’t dance) Baile Bailen
ER, Comer Come (eat) No Comas (don’t eat) Coma Coman
IR, Vivir Vive (live) No vivas (don’t live) Viva Vivan

 
Possessive Adjectives

Singular Plural
AR, Bailar Mi Libro My book Mis Libros My books
ER, Comer Tu cadena Your chain Tus Libros Your books
IR, Vivir Su cara His face Sus caras His faces

 
Possessive Pronouns = Mine, Yours, His, Her

Singular English Plural English
AR, Bailar El libro is mío The book is mine Los libros son míos The books are mine
ER, Comer La cadena es tuya The chain is yours La cadenas son tuya The chains are yours
IR, Vivir La vela es suya The candle is his La velas son suyas The candles are hers